Consistent with prior research (Avey, Reichard et al., 2011; F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017; Youssef-Morgan & Luthans, 2015), we found that PsyCap predicted well-being. FOIA Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321332. Good relationships, good performance: The mediating role of psychological capital: A three-wave study among students. College Quarterly, 16(1). Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. Indirect effects describing pathways from PsyCap factors to PERMA factors through identified coping strategies were tested for mediating roles. University students are dealing with uncertain current realities and futures and may need to bolster their internal resources to face the challenges ahead. Thus, from a pedagogical and psychological point of view, it is pertinent to examine the students' strategies of coping with stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Your classes may now be virtual. Published 2022. Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. The Brief COPE is a multidimensional inventory used to assess the different ways in which people generally respond to stressful situations. Think about the things you have done in the past that have brought you joy or helped you manage your stress. It is very good for your The aim of the current study was to examine the relationships among well-being in university students before and during the onset of COVID-19 with PsyCap and coping strategies. https://news.gallup.com/poll/310250/worry-stress-fuel-record-drop-life-satisfaction.aspx, Youssef-Morgan, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2015). Given findings of the relationship between PsyCap and well-being in the current study, as well as in prior research (F. Luthans et al., 2006; F. Luthans et al., 2015; McGonigal, 2015), counselors may wish to focus on developing PsyCap to help university students flourish both during the pandemic and in a post-pandemic world. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Researchers have recommended coping skills training for university students to modify maladaptive coping strategies and enhance pre-existing adaptive coping styles to optimal levels (Madhyastha et al., 2014). Additionally, each pillar of PERMA has been shown to be positively associated with physical health, optimal well-being, and life satisfaction and negatively correlated with depression, fatigue, anxiety, perceived stress, loneliness, and negative emotion (Butler & Kern, 2016). https://news.gallup.com/poll/249098/americans-stress-worry-anger-intensified-2018.aspx. The majority of the participants were full time students (82%, n = 498) compared to part-time students (18%, n = 111). 2015;173: 9096. Implications and recommendations for psychoeducation and counseling interventions to promote PsyCap and adaptive coping strategies in university students are presented. All of these changes may have influenced students health This study aims to describe the perception of midwifery students about the use of LMS in English learning activities. From the Great Depression to 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, victims of these life-shattering events have had to deal with their present circumstances and were also left with worries about how life and society would be inexorably altered in the future. Students are dealing with a variety of social-emotional issues during the COVID-19 pandemic from a lack of basic resources in the home, such as food, a deficit in coping skills, or perhaps a lack of internet access. Justine K. James, PhD, is an assistant professor at University College in Kerala, India. Guided imagery can also be a useful and effective tool to help stressed students cope with academic, social, and other stressors. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Predicting PERMA Elements From Psychological Capital Prior to the Onset of COVID-19 and After the Onset of COVID-19. P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. https://www.immagic.com/eLibrary/ARCHIVES/GENERAL/ACCA_US/A081007G.pdf, Teixeira RJ, Brando T, Dores AR. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 24(2), 221230. Sci Prog. Priscilla Rose Prasath, PhD, MBA, LPC (TX), is an assistant professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Coping strategies that predicted change in PERMA were used for mediation analysis. University students faced unprecedented challenges and stressors, especially Asian The coping strategy of active coping (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 4. Studies conducted during the COVID19 pandemic have shown a similar pattern: psychological resilience, coping behaviours and social support safeguard mental health and wellbeing among health care workers who are on the frontlines of the fights against this deadly virus (BlancoDonoso et al., 2021; Chew et al., 2020; Labrague & De los Investigating the current state of emotional responses and coping strategies of nurses and college nursing students in Anhui Province found that women showed more severe anxiety and fear than men and COVID-19 is a pressure source with great influence, both for individuals and for the social public groups. Fear and worrying about the virus can be overwhelming and cause strong emotions in adults and children. The COVID-19 pandemic has meant additional stress, fear, and worry for many families. Specifically, the study addresses coping strategies and psychological capital (PsyCap; F. Luthans et al., 2007) and how they relate to levels of well-being. Changes in PERMA elements were calculated by subtracting PERMA scores reported retrospectively by participants before the pandemic from scores reported at the time of data collection during COVID-19, and a repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to examine the difference. Specifically, we found coping through self-blame playing a mediating role between PERMA factors and two of the HERO dimensionsresilience and hope. WebWe study the stability of noncognitive skills by comparing experimental results gathered before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. McGonigal, J. Look for tasks you can postpone or simply eliminate from your to-do list. See this image and copyright information in PMC. The COVID-19 outbreak caused global disruptions in all aspects of life. Students at a United States university (N = 769) completed an online survey during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters. Sixty-three percent of the students were employed (n = 384) and the remaining 37% were unemployed (n = 225). Yet, despite the rapid emergence of these important studies, we still know little about how college students . Results revealed that well-being was significantly lower during COVID-19 compared to before the onset of the pandemic. As the students collaborated with one another, they gained greater appreciation for one anothers disciplines and unique skill sets, Johnson-Huff said. Nursing education has moved classes online. Experts are projecting increases in depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicide in the United States (Wan, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9933-3, Hoover, E. (2020). Bookshelf Christine Suniti Bhat, PhD, LPC, LSC (OH), is a professor and the interim director of the George E. Hill Center for Counseling & Research at Ohio University. Try to create a separate work space, although you should reserve your sleeping area for sleeping. The average scores of negative emotion and loneliness increased from 4.46 and 3.86 to 5.85 and 5.94, respectively. Before the onset of COVID-19, 23% of the variance in well-being was explained by the PsyCap dimensions (R2 = .23, p < .001), with self-efficacy and optimism as the most significant predictors of well-being. Newman, A., Ucbasaran, D., Zhu, F., & Hirst, G. (2014). Coping is often defined as efforts to prevent or diminish the threat, harm, and loss, or to reduce associated distress (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010, p. 685). Luthans, F., Youssef-Morgan, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. Conversely, when individuals employed problematic coping strategies such as behavioral disengagement and self-blame (Carver, 1997), the negative impacts were much stronger than the positive effect of adaptive coping strategies. Structural equation modeling in Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS, v23) software was used to test the mediating role of coping strategies on the relationship between PsyCap and change in PERMA scores. -. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The scoping review aimed to, Journal of professional nursing : official journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing. Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. Selvaraj, P. R., & Bhat, C. S. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpr051, Dello Russo, S., & Stoykova, P. (2015). Alsolais A, Alquwez N, Alotaibi KA, Alqarni AS, Almalki M, Alsolami F, Almazan J, Cruz JP. (2008). In general, problem-focused coping strategies, also known as adaptive coping strategies, include planning, active coping, positive reframing, acceptance, and humor (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010). de la Fuente, J., Lahortiga-Ramos, F., Laspra-Solis, C., Maestro-Martin, C., Alustiza, I., Auba, E., & Martin-Lanas, R. (2020). Sheldon and Lyubomirsky (2006) indicated that practicing gratitude helps people to cope with negative situations because it enables them to view such situations through a more positive lens. Cluster analysis for strategies of coping with stress. In this context, positive coping strategies and PsyCap may be increasingly valuable assets for university students to address the psychological challenges associated with this pandemic and to maintain or enhance their well-being. Umucu, E., Wu, J.-R., Sanchez, J., Brooks, J. M., Chiu, C.-Y., Tu, W.-M., & Chan, F. (2020). In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which radically changed students' daily functioning. Results of a repeated-measures ANOVA presented in Figure 1 indicate that mean scores of PERMA decreased significantly during COVID-19: = .620; F (5,604) = 73.99, p < .001. The role of psychological capital in academic adjustment among university students. Academic stress, coping, emotion regulation, affect and psychosomatic symptoms in higher education. The following research questions guided our work: Participants Retrospective recall may be inaccurate (Gilbert, 2007) with participants under- or overestimating their well-being. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434, Hazan Liran, B., & Miller, P. (2019). If family members are distracting you, use I statements to explain the problem--Im worried about my exam next weekand work together to develop solutions. Recognize that the current circumstances are hard for everyone. Copyright 2023 National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates. You may have returned home, where youre missing friends and finding studying difficult. (2014). A tool to help you build resilience during difficult times. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070, Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1984). The predictive role of PsyCap on well-being at two time points (before and after the onset of COVID-19) was analyzed using multivariate multiple regression (see Table 2). The coping strategy of behavioral disengagement (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 7. As expected, negative emotion and loneliness significantly increased during the period of COVID-19, impacting overall well-being in an adverse manner. Finally, the moderate Cronbachs alpha reliability scores of < .70 (Field, 2013) for the subscales of the Brief COPE inventory and the engagement subscale of the PERMA-Profiler are of concern, which has also been expressed by prior researchers (Goodman et al., 2018; Iasiello et al., 2017). The predictive role of hope was negligible before COVID-19. In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which Cleveland, Gallagher RP. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article Gallup. If you notice that you are feeling upset or more irritable, take a break from watching, reading, or listening to news stories, including social media. Psychological Capital (PsyCap) Adaptive coping strategiessuch as active coping, acceptance, using emotional support, and positive reframingwere found to better aid in predicting well-being. Mental Health For Remote Workers: Supporting Employees And One The site is secure. Cleveland, Using a sample of professional traders, we find a significant decrease in agreeableness and locus of control and a moderate decrease in grit. Students at a United States university (N = 769) completed an online survey during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 339366. Soothing the nervous system, by taking care of the body, can help to bring us back to a healthier place. The impact of business school students psychological capital on academic performance. To conclude, the present findings contribute to existing literature on PsyCap and well-being, using the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) among university students in the United States in the context of COVID-19. With that in mind, it is important to detect individuals at risk of developing depressive symptoms early and identify protective factors. 2021;18(1): 355. 2021. Pandemic-Related Stress and Other Emotional Difficulties in a Sample of Men and Women Living in Romantic Relationships during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Surgeon General issued an advisory on the nations youth mental health crisis in December 2021. While PsyCap directly relates to well-being and coping strategies relate to well-being, our findings indicated that coping strategies also played a significant mediating role in the relationship between PsyCap and well-being. (2020, April 14). The PCQ-12 utilizes a 6-point Likert scale with response options ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Further, PsyCap HERO dimensions were negatively correlated to negative emotion and loneliness. Studies show that all five pillars of well-being in the PERMA model are associated with better academic outcomes in students, such as improved college life adjustment, achievement, and overall life satisfaction (Butler & Kern, 2016; DeWitz et al., 2009; Tansey et al., 2018). Students practiced their emerging skills in simulated emergency scenarios. (2017). Listen to childrens concerns. Of course, its good to stay informed, especially about whats happening in your area. COVID-19 is challenging us to be creative in being emotionally close but socially distant. Guilford. Identify strategies to use to take care of your body, your mind, your spirit, your relationships, your work. 2020 Sep 17;22(9):e22817. Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). There are a number of research-based approaches offered in the field of positive psychology to guide mental health professionals to facilitate development of PsyCap and other important well-being correlates. The COVID-19 outbreak caused global disruptions in all aspects of life. Researchers have reported that high levels of technology and social media use are associated with depression and anxiety among adolescents and young adults (Huckins et al., 2020; Primack et al., 2017; Twenge, 2017). Northwestern University. Northwestern University. WebOwning Your Feelings & Moving Through Emotional Discomfort. Even something as simple as turning on your webcam during virtual classes can help you and others feel more connected. Key findings are that the optimism, hope, and resilience dimensions of PsyCap are significant predictors of well-being, explaining a large amount of variance, with adaptive coping being conducive to flourishing. B., & Zvolensky, M. J. Penguin. High levels of stress are expected when crises affect peoples lives. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090197, Klussman, K., Nichols, A. L., Langer, J., & Curtin, N. (2020). Would you like email updates of new search results? Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. Karen. Be sure to address your own concerns separately so you can focus on patients during sessions. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.08.008. As a flexible learning method, most schools chose Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.373, Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. Coping Strategies Researchers have also examined the mediating role of PsyCap in the relationship between positive emotion and academic performance (Carmona-Halty et al., 2019; Hazan Liran & Miller, 2019; B. C. Luthans et al., 2012; K. W. Luthans et al., 2016); relationships and predictions between PsyCap and mental health in university students (Selvaraj & Bhat, 2018); and relationships between PsyCap, well-being, and coping (Rabenu et al., 2017). Next are engagement (E), the act of being highly interested, absorbed, or focused in daily life activities, and relationships (R), the feelings of being cared about by others and authentically and securely connected to others. https://doi.org/10.2196/20185, Hunt, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2010). Check in with your child frequently and listen to their concerns. B., Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F., & Mhatre, K. H. (2011). I UI Undergraduate (n = 142), II UII Undergraduate (n = 100), III UIII Undergraduate (n = 104), I GI Graduate (n = 66), II GII Graduate (n = 70), I-III MI-III uniform Masters studies (n = 64), IV-V MIV-V uniform Masters studies (n = 31). 44106-7164, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, COVID-19: Our Body, Our Brains, Our Trauma. Do something physical like dancing. (2013). Mental health problems and help-seeking behavior among college students. 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.054 Health Psychology Review, 13(2), 137162. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. Aim of the Study and Research Questions Talarowska M, Rucka K, Kowalczyk M, Chodkiewicz J, Kowalczyk E, Karbownik MS, Sienkiewicz M. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Finkelstein-Fox, L., & Park, C. L. (2019). Psychological capital and beyond. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 548556. Participants were asked to complete the well-being assessment twicefirst, by responding as they recalled their well-being prior to COVID-19, and second, by responding as they reflected on their well-being during the pandemic. WebCOVID-19 pandemic made a sudden shift of all ages to online learning and distance learning instructions. Structural equation modeling was used to examine whether coping strategies mediate PsyCaps effect on well-being.